About Canyons of the Ancients
The Monument is home to more than 5,000 archeologically important sites and contains the highest density of archeological sites in the nation. This area, with its intertwined natural and cultural resources, is a rugged landscape, a quality that greatly contributes to the protection of its scientific and historic objects. The monument offers an unparalleled opportunity to observe, study, and experience how cultures lived and adapted over time in the American Southwest.
The natural resources and spectacular land-forms of the monument help explain why past and present cultures have chosen to live in the area. The geology of the monument evokes the very essence of the American Southwest. Structurally part of the Paradox Basin, from a distance the landscape looks deceptively benign. From the McElmo Dome in the southern part of the monument, the land slopes gently to the north, giving no indication of its true character. Once inside the area, however, the geology becomes more rugged and dissected. Rising sharply to the north of McElmo Creek, the McElmo Dome itself is buttressed by sheer sandstone cliffs, with mesa tops rimmed by caprock, and deeply incised canyons.
The monument is home to a wide variety of wildlife species, including unique herpetological resources. Crucial habitat for the Mesa Verde nightsnake, long-nosed leopard lizard, and twin-spotted spiny lizard can be found within the monument in the area north of Yellow Jacket Canyon. Peregrine falcons have been observed in the area, as have golden eagles, American kestrels, red-tailed hawks, and northern harriers. Game birds like Gamble's quail and mourning dove are found throughout the monument both in dry, upland habitats, and in lush riparian habitat along the canyon bottoms.
Threats to the Existence and Protection of Canyons of the Ancients
The Monument is threatened by oil and gas development. Interior Secretary Gale Norton has targeted Canyons of the Ancients for new oil and gas exploration and development. Norton may modify the Monument's boundaries or weaken its management to accommodate more energy exploration and other commercial uses.
Canyons of the Ancients Facts
- Location: Southwest Colorado, just outside Cortez and nine miles west of Mesa Verde National Park (map of area)
- Size: 164,000 acres
- Date: Canyons of the Ancients National Monument was created on June 9, 2000
- Managing Agency: The Bureau of Land Management
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